Databases
This guide covers essential database concepts, different types of databases, and best practices for database management in backend development.
Types of Databases
Relational Databases (SQL)
- Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite
- Features:
- Structured data storage
- ACID compliance
- Complex queries and joins
- Data integrity constraints
NoSQL Databases
- Examples: MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra
- Features:
- Flexible schema design
- Horizontal scalability
- High performance
- Various data models
Database Design
Schema Design
- Normalization: Organizing data to reduce redundancy
- Relationships: One-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many
- Indexing: Optimizing query performance
- Constraints: Ensuring data integrity
Query Optimization
- Index Usage: Proper index creation and maintenance
- Query Planning: Understanding execution plans
- Performance Tuning: Optimizing slow queries
- Caching Strategies: Implementing efficient caching
Database Operations
CRUD Operations
- Create: Inserting new records
- Read: Retrieving data
- Update: Modifying existing records
- Delete: Removing records
Transactions
- ACID Properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
- Transaction Management: Handling concurrent operations
- Rollback Mechanisms: Error handling and recovery
Best Practices
- Security: Implementing proper authentication and authorization
- Backup: Regular backup and recovery procedures
- Monitoring: Performance monitoring and optimization
- Scaling: Horizontal and vertical scaling strategies