Django

Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. It follows the "batteries included" philosophy and comes with many built-in features.

Core Concepts

MVT Architecture

Model: Database structure and business logic
View: Request handling and business logic
Template: Presentation layer

URL Routing

from django.urls import path
from . import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('users/', views.user_list, name='user-list'),
    path('users/<int:pk>/', views.user_detail, name='user-detail'),
]

Views

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import User
 
def user_list(request):
    users = User.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'users/list.html', {'users': users})

Models and ORM

Model Definition

from django.db import models
 
class User(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

QuerySet Operations

# Create
user = User.objects.create(name='John', email='john@example.com')
 
# Read
users = User.objects.filter(name__startswith='J')
 
# Update
User.objects.filter(id=1).update(name='Jane')
 
# Delete
User.objects.filter(id=1).delete()

Forms and Validation

Form Definition

from django import forms
 
class UserForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['name', 'email']

Admin Interface

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import User
 
@admin.register(User)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['name', 'email', 'created_at']
    search_fields = ['name', 'email']
    list_filter = ['created_at']

Authentication and Authorization

User Authentication

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
 
@login_required
def profile(request):
    return render(request, 'users/profile.html')

Permissions

from django.contrib.auth.mixins import PermissionRequiredMixin
 
class UserUpdateView(PermissionRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
    permission_required = 'app.change_user'
    model = User
    template_name = 'users/update.html'

Best Practices

Project Structure

project/
  ├── manage.py
  ├── project/
  │   ├── settings.py
  │   ├── urls.py
  │   └── wsgi.py
  └── app/
      ├── models.py
      ├── views.py
      ├── urls.py
      └── templates/

Security Measures

Keep SECRET_KEY secure
Use HTTPS
Implement CSRF protection
Validate user input
Use secure password hashing

Performance Optimization

Database optimization
Caching strategies
Query optimization
Static file handling

Deployment

Production Settings

Debug mode off
Secure settings configuration
Static files serving
Database configuration
Logging setup

Deployment Options

Gunicorn + Nginx
Docker containers
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Cloud providers

Additional Resources

Hono Spring