🎨 Frontend
📄 HTML

HTML Fundamentals

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the foundation of the web. It defines the structure and content of a web page. This document covers the essential topics you need to master HTML.

What is HTML?

  • Definition: HTML is a markup language used to create the structure of web pages.
  • History: It has evolved from simple document markup to HTML5, which supports multimedia and semantic elements.
  • Role in Web Development: HTML works alongside CSS and JavaScript to build complete web applications.

Basic Document Structure

  • Doctype Declaration:
    Ensure your document starts with <!DOCTYPE html> to enable standards mode.

  • HTML Document Structure:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document Title</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- Page content goes here -->
  </body>
</html>

  • Character Encoding:
    Use <meta charset="UTF-8"> to support a wide range of characters.

Elements and Tags

  • Basic Elements:

    • Headings: <h1> through <h6>
    • Paragraphs: <p>
    • Links: <a href="...">
    • Images: <img src="..." alt="...">
    • Lists: <ul>, <ol>, <li>

  • Semantic Elements:
    Improve accessibility and SEO by using:

    • <header>, <nav>, <main>, <article>, <section>, <aside>, <footer>

  • Forms and Inputs:
    Build interactive pages with:

    • <form>, <input>, <textarea>, <button>, <select>, <label>

Best Practices

  • Accessibility:

    • Use semantic elements to aid screen readers.
    • Always include alt attributes for images.
    • Implement ARIA roles where necessary.

  • SEO Considerations:

    • Use proper heading hierarchies.
    • Include meta tags for descriptions and keywords.
    • Leverage semantic HTML to improve search engine understanding.

  • Maintainable Code:

Advanced HTML Concepts

  • Multimedia Integration:

    • Use <audio> and <video> for embedding media.
    • Ensure cross-browser compatibility and accessibility.

  • Canvas and SVG:

    • <canvas> enables dynamic, scriptable rendering of 2D shapes and bitmap images.
    • <svg> allows for scalable vector graphics that are resolution-independent.

  • Structured Data:

    • Implement microdata and schema.org vocabulary to enhance search engine results.

Additional Resources

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